{"id":5609,"date":"2014-05-25T16:34:15","date_gmt":"2014-05-25T14:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institut-repere.com\/info\/2014\/05\/25\/metapohore-110-cooperation-reciprocite-pardon\/"},"modified":"2014-05-25T16:34:15","modified_gmt":"2014-05-25T14:34:15","slug":"metapohore-110-cooperation-reciprocite-pardon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.institut-repere.com\/info\/metapohore-110-cooperation-reciprocite-pardon\/","title":{"rendered":"Metapohore 110 : Coop\u00e9ration- R\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9- Pardon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En 1974, le <strong>philosophe et psychologue Anatole Rapaport<\/strong>, de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Toronto, \u00e9met l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que la mani\u00e8re la plus \u00ab efficace\u00bb de se comporter vis \u00e0 vis d&rsquo;autrui est 1) la coop\u00e9ration; 2) la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9; 3) le pardon. C&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire que lorsqu&rsquo;un individu, ou une structure ou un groupe, rencontre d&rsquo;autres individus, structure ou groupe, il a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 proposer l&rsquo;alliance, puis, selon la r\u00e8gle de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9, \u00e0 donner \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre en fonction de ce qu&rsquo;il re\u00e7oit. Si l&rsquo;autre aide il aide, si l&rsquo;autre agresse il l&rsquo;<strong>agresse en retour de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re et avec la m\u00eame intensit\u00e9<\/strong>. Apr\u00e8s, il doit <strong>pardonner et reproposer la coop\u00e9ration<\/strong>. &nbsp;<br \/>&nbsp;<br \/>En 1979, le math\u00e9maticien Robert Axelrod organisa un tournoi entre logiciels autonomes capables de se comporter comme des \u00eatres vivants. Une seule contrainte : chaque programme devait \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9 d&rsquo;une routine de communication, sous-programme lui permettant de discuter avec des voisins. &nbsp;<br \/>&nbsp;<br \/>Robert Axelrod re\u00e7ut 14 disquettes de programme envoy\u00e9es par des coll\u00e8gues universitaires int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par ce tournoi. Chaque programme avait des lois diff\u00e9rentes de comportement (les plus simples, deux lignes de code de conduite, les plus complexes une centaine). Le but \u00e9tant d&rsquo;accumuler le maximum de points. Certains programmes avaient pour r\u00e8gle d&rsquo;exploiter au plus vite l&rsquo;autre, de lui voler ses points puis de changer de partenaire. D&rsquo;autres essayaient de se d\u00e9brouiller seuls, gardant leurs points, fuyant tous les contacts avec ceux qui pouvaient les voler. D&rsquo;autres encore avaient des r\u00e8gles du type \u00ab Si l\u2019autre est hostile ; l\u2019avertir qu\u2019il doit cesser, puis proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une punition \u00bb Ou \u00ab Coop\u00e9rer puis trahir par surprise \u00bb <br \/>Chaque programme a \u00e9t\u00e9 oppos\u00e9 200 fois \u00e0 chacun des autres concurrents. &nbsp;<br \/>&nbsp;<br \/>C&rsquo;est le programme d&rsquo;Anatol Rapaport, \u00e9quip\u00e9 du comportement CRP (<strong>Coop\u00e9ration R\u00e9Ciprocit\u00e9-Pardon<\/strong>), qui a battu tous les autres. &nbsp;<br \/>&nbsp;<br \/>Encore plus fort: le programme CRP, plac\u00e9 en vrac au milieu des autres, est perdant au d\u00e9but devant les programmes agressifs, mais il finit par \u00eatre victorieux puis m\u00eame \u00ab contagieux\u00bb au fur et \u00e0 mesure du temps. Les programmes voisins, s&rsquo;apercevant qu&rsquo;il est le plus efficace pour accumuler des points, finissent par adopter la m\u00eame attitude. &nbsp;<br \/>&nbsp;<br \/>La loi CRP s&rsquo;av\u00e8re donc la plus rentable sur le long terme. Chacun peut le v\u00e9rifier dans son quotidien. Cela signifie qu&rsquo;il faut oublier toutes les avanies qu&rsquo;un coll\u00e8gue de travail ou un concurrent vous fera et continuer sans cesse \u00e0 lui proposer de travailler avec lui comme si de rien n&rsquo;\u00e9tait. A la longue, la m\u00e9thode est payante. Ce n&rsquo;est pas de la gentillesse, il y va juste de votre propre int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u00e9montr\u00e9 par l&rsquo;informatique. &nbsp;<br \/>&nbsp;<br \/>Source : Edmond Wells Encyclop\u00e9die du Savoir Relatif et Absolu, Tome IV Bernard Werber (l&rsquo;auteur des livres sur les Fourmis)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En 1974, le philosophe et psychologue Anatole Rapaport, de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Toronto, \u00e9met l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que la mani\u00e8re la plus \u00ab efficace\u00bb de se comporter vis \u00e0 vis d&rsquo;autrui est 1)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[314],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metaphores"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v14.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Metapohore 110 : Coop\u00e9ration- R\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9- Pardon - 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